Primary narcissism Essay Example for Free

Primary narcissism Essay Narcissism is a character trait in which people tend to show more concern to self than other people around them. It can be either primary which is usually common in infants or secondary that is common in adults. This paper is going to look into the effects that the current generation narcissism has brought to the community and ways in which it can be controlled. Introduction Narcissism is a character attribute that is usually functional to a given social group that denotes lack of concern for other people. Although it has proved to be a biological necessity, care should be taken so that it doesn’t exceed the limits at which it may bring destruction to self and individuals around us. It is said to be a response to our inside states like fear and hunger and it proved to be important for homeostasis maintenance in the body. Modern day narcissism was accelerated by the chaos of 1960 that were politically motivated that made people to try to avoid the world around them by creating within themselves â€Å"small heavens†. Narcissism can be divided into two different categories: primary and secondary narcissism. Primary narcissism: This is usually inborn and is usually expressed by all infants. The infant usually lacks interest in the outside world basically because of the fact that it hasn’t familiarized it self with it. The mother is usually the only thing in its live and the care that she (the mother) gives plays a great role towards this effect. Contrary to primary narcissism, Secondary narcissism is pathological. It is usually an attempt to compensate for emptiness that comes along when love is not given back resulting to ostentation in an attempt to get rid of guilt with weakness (Campbell Foster, 2007). Primary narcissism results to completion together with the urge to overcome tasks. The fear of separation of the infant from the mother interferes with the course of getting used to the outside world and therefore the infant results to creating a world of its own. Narcissism is encouraged during infancy by parents by making infants chase after wild dreams through the notion that is instilled to them that it is impossible to fail. They give out their love together with support which results in some sense of false perfection. According to Brown and Nina (2008), patients who suffer from narcissism usually come from children whose mothers where more prominent in their care compared to their fathers who mostly you find were substituted by a male role model. When they become adults, they develop a desire for intimate relationships but unfortunately majority of them end up isolating themselves. Mostly victims are unable to differentiate between self and others because of the paradoxical desires that exist within them. Victims of narcissism may be successful in different aspects but the moment they fail to attain their goals, they become depressed and feel guilt. Because of the exaggerated pride in accomplishments, reasoning becomes unclear. This may result to angry reaction to criticism from victims or result to depression because of the threat to believe of perfection. Although narcissism may affect them negatively, it may inspire the victims to come out as strong leaders through the confidence it gives them even in situations of criticism from others which brings about faith from other followers. Although they seem chartable, their ultimate goal is self. They associate happiness to achievements together with products and not their contributions to humanity. Narcissism is common in children, but it can also be manifested in old adults especially those who care a lot about what the media says. The victims tend to live in their past and get depressed and become cynical (Campbell Foster, 2007) Ways in which society promote Narcissism. Various institutions in the modern day promote narcissism. An example is the 1960s politics that incited people to retreat to their own worlds which have turn out to be the source of narcissistic traits. Its energy is brought out through a voice that is applauded by people covering up its failures. Majority of its victim are men because many of them are known to get confused when it comes to desires where they may end up converting their desire for sex to greedy for political authority. This projection of individual feelings to society is manifested in political debates (Hesse, 2005). There is also great contribution to narcissism by the media through expression of unrealistic hopes through propagandas in commercialization. The media has promoted equality of roles among women, men and children claiming that they all should be entitled to equal amounts and value of commodities just like the father. This has given rise to a new social individual. It has influenced parents to tolerate their children to avoid messing up. They have resulted to befriending their children by acquiring youthful looks and approaches. This makes children to acquire delusions of self-sufficiency and grandiosity making them more vulnerable to superficial media. Media has not only affected kids but it has also had an effect on the general population in that it has taken away believe of self-sufficiency and influence to change the world. It has made people to picture themselves as insignificant parts of a machine and that they are unable to run themselves (Twinges Campbell, 2009). According to Ronningstam (2005), narcissism has affected the society in all aspects. Decisions have been made to be logical resulting in equilibrium between the losers and winners causing an overall narcissistic effect. Violence together with cynicism which has become part of our world has also contributed to narcissism development. Immorality that has become obvious in the society and suspicion about what the future holds for us has made people to retire back to selves and become heartless to the world around them. This is seen to be a way of defense in which through which we could avoid situations that could make us despair. People are ready to overlook the outside world because of the horrors and violence that comes with it and impose on themselves a self-image and return to â€Å"selves†. It involves shifting from a realistic world to one that distorts reality to different thoughts and plans. Through turning away from reality, more isolation is brought about. Although people may seem social, neither desire nor emotional ability to socialize genuinely is left. Bonds that existed previously between friends begin to break leaving future generations’ fate at risk of getting away without care and recognition. Narcissism can also occur in groups and mostly religious ones. Small cults can be equated to a family where by they try to provide a second opportunity to its members to develop emotionally. The relationship between their leader and its members can be equated to parent child affection where by a complete submission in exchange of protection and care is a necessity. In this case, only pure positive reinforcement is provided. Followers become connected to an individual similar to a parent but from whom come no disappointment. The same is seen in other major religion (Ronningstam, 2005). Because of the effects it has been known to bring about, it is important that necessary steps are taken to ensure that it is avoided. This can be achieved through creation of transitional objects that could guarantee an individual oneness with independence from both the mother and nature at large. Family together with group rehabilitation can be encouraged as they give people a chance to interact with others at the same time exposing the internal self to the outside world (Lachkar, 2008). References Brown, Nina W. (2008) Children of the Self-Absorbed: A Grown-ups Guide to Getting over Narcissistic Parents, New Harbinger Publications, U. S. Campbell, K. W. Foster J. D. (2007). The Narcissistic Self: Background, an Extended Agency Model, and Ongoing Controversies. To appear in: C. Sedikides S. Spencer (Eds. ), Frontiers in social psychology: The self. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press. Campbell, W. K. , Foster, J. D. (2007) The Narcissistic Self: Background and extended agency model and ongoing controversies. Sedikides and Spencer. Psychology Press, London. Hesse, Morten; Schliewe S, Thomsen RR (2005). Rating of personality disorder features in popular movie characters†. BMC Psychiatry (London: BioMed Central) 5 (45): 45. Ronningstam, Elsa F. (2005) Identifying and Understanding the Narcissistic Personality, oxford university press, New York. Lachkar, Joan (2008): How to Talk to a Narcissist, Taylor Francis Group, New York. Twenge, Jean M. Campbell, W. Keith (2009). The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement, free press, Glencoe, Illinois.

Love in the Time of the Victorian Era Essay -- Literary Analysis, Jane

True love is not found within the goals of economic survival or societal gains, rather it is found when two individuals unite in marriage because they have a genuine affection for each other. In her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen depicts what love in a traditional Victorian era would be defined as. Austen displays love as the center of attention for all of society, along with the influences society has on it. Through various characters, such as Mr. Collins and Mrs. Bennet, Austen demonstrates how money and status can largely shape love and the idea of who to love. Yet, with the characters of Jane and Bingley, Austen conveys, in the end, that true love results not from economic necessity or societal gains, but from a sincere affection. Society, as Austen describes it, is similar to the survival of the fittest. In order to get to the top, one must do everything he or she can to get there, including manipulating marriage. In the novel’s society â€Å"family and marriage occupied a far more public and central position in the social government and economic arrangements† (Brown 302). The members of the society in Austen’s novel, specifically Mrs. Bennet, will do anything, including marrying their daughters off to wealthy men, in order to gain a respectable status amongst there peers. Marriage, therefore, becomes a way of getting to the top of the social ladder. This focus on the importance of the social order significantly influences the idea of love and whom to love because it changes the people into thinking that marriage is not about love, but about status. It shapes the individuals into thinking that societal gains are what truly matter in a relationship. In Vyas 2 this situation, Austen illustrates how the society i... ...not money or status. By satirizing love, Austen displays real love in all its purity. Jane and Bingley have a pure, honest love, and this is the kind of love Austen presents in her novel, which is what should be established in a real relationship. Money and society mold love, and place certain implications on it that do not hold true. These implications shape the idea of love and who to love. Within Pride and Prejudice, love is defined as materialistic, yet true love can defy all, and does when Jane and Bingley wed in the end. Through money and status, Austen constructs a premise of flawed love, which she uses to mock society. Nevertheless, this satire is exactly what communicates the true meaning of love proposed by the novel. Affection shapes love, not wealth or status. Love is not about what one has or gains; love is about whom one spends it with.

Team Work

HECS 1100 Learning Together, Working Together| Learning Set Assessment Task | By Jodie Brown, Carole Fawcett, Debbie Fairhurst, Helena Judge, Helena Bonallie and Hannah Crowther| [Pick the date] | Learning Set Poster Assessment Task Within the Learning Together Working Together tutorials we were assigned to a group and given the task of designing an A4 poster which communicated information to a specific target group. The project the group chose was an A4 poster on ‘Recognising stress in carers’ aimed at carers.The group interpreted the brief as non-paid carers having someone dependent upon them such as a mother caring for her baby or a young person caring for an elderly relative. The group originally chose the project on respect towards older people aimed at 15-19 year olds however, following a group discussion decided to change the project to recognising stress in carers. This was because the group felt that the carers topic was currently highlighted in the media and th ere was a large volume of literature available from a variety of sources.The group also felt that the respect towards elders project was quite a broad topic which could be interpreted in many different ways which may have been challenging to convey on a poster. The group preferred a poster over a leaflet as they felt it could reach a wider audience when placed anywhere rather than someone having to physically collect a leaflet. The group also thought a poster would be more eye catching, easier to read and concise for stressed busy carers who wouldn’t want to read large volumes of text. 152 wordsInitially the group did not assign specific roles to individual members as the group was only in the Forming stage (Tuckman1965), therefore, each member carried out their own individual research, gaining more knowledge on carers and the impact of stress. The team thought that different research approaches would cover all areas and allow equal input and workload from all members. The St orming stage (Tuckman1965) became evident as the resources individuals had gathered were discussed and the most relevant information was chosen.From this discussion the set decided upon the information, design and direction. This then lead into the Norming stage (Tuckman1965) where strengths and weaknesses became apparent which enabled task allocation to be easier. For example, one member having had experience in mental health initiated an idea taken from Bramham’s vulnerability bucket (date) and another member having good IT skills worked on putting the poster together based on other members inputs.These positive roles along with plant, shaper and other pos roles (138 words) Development of the group was very positive, the team progressed through Tuckman’s (1965) Stages without any conflict or problems which the learning set believed was an achievement as without this the poster would not have been produced as quickly and successfully. The main basis of the poster was decided early, giving the group plenty of time to improve and refine it with each meeting.Each member demonstrated an adult to adult relationship (Thompson 2006) with excellent communication skills throughout. As everyone became closer and felt more comfortable, it was easier to express views, portray opinions and be able to negotiate, ultimately meaning better ideas were created. Also the group was extremely open to various individual ideas which, as a result, allowed the discussions of advantages and disadvantages to reach an agreement. 131 words) The most challenging aspect of the project was that the initial idea didn’t work well on paper as it was too crowded so, it had to be adapted, without losing the concept. This took considerable time and effort however, spending this time meant that the final poster was of a higher quality. (52 words) Within the learning set respect was demonstrated throughout. This was initiated by a list of rules that were formulated at the origi nal meeting that set the basis of how each member should behave towards one another.These were adhered to during the entire project. (Appendix 1) Acknowledgment of each members strengths and weaknesses was demonstrated the ensure that others thoughts, ideas and actions were encouraged and not dismissed. Every individuals perspectives were considered when making a group decision for example, information was shared within the file exchange on the virtual leaning environment enabled the opportunity for viewpoints to be shared. 100 words) Upon reflection on Action (Schon 1983, 1987), the group would try assigning roles to each member to see whether it was more effective. The roles could be rotated around so that each member had a go at each role. Another idea upon reflection was to formulate an Action Plan with deadlines so each person could have a step by step approach to formulate. The learning set believe these ideas wouldn’t alter the final product but could possibly improve the working style. (81 words). TOTAL WORD COUNT: 802

Dangers of Texting While Driving - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 952 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Texting and Driving Essay Did you like this example? Sometimes we make bad choices which can be dangerous to our lives or affect the people lives around us. Im sure there has been a time when you have been on your phone while on the road. It could be to respond to a message, answer a phone call or change a song. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dangers of Texting While Driving" essay for you Create order 37% of car rides include some type of phone involvement. Your life can be gone in a matter of seconds. It only takes 3 seconds for a drivers attention to be off the road for a crash to occur. Texting and driving stories occur in the news or an article just about every day. Technology has become a huge part of our lives. Cell phone demand grows more everyday. The quickest way to communicate is through using our cell phones. We have easy access to social media, texting, video chats etc.. on our smartphones. People are so worried about being updated about whats on Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and texting back on time. Founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction, David Greenfield, stated that one reason its so hard to stay away from electronic devices while driving is because of smartphones addictive nature(Teensafe 2018). Our brains instinctively respond to the alerts our phones send us that signal incoming messages or social media updates, making it harder to resist the urge to use your smartphone while driving (Teensafe 2018). The dangers of texting while driving leads to 1.6 million crashes each year. It is very dangerous but people still continue to do it everyday. Drivers ignore warnings and laws to stop using their phones while on the road. A big reason is that theyre simply not persuaded that nothing can happen to them. Many articles and stories have been shared with the world to help influence people to put their phones away while on the road. Approximately 660,000 drivers use their cell phones while driving during the day creating a large potential for crashes and fatalities (Teensafe 2018). Currently 47 states have passed a law that banned texting and driving. The purpose of having this law helps save lives but people still continue to do it. The interest for cell phones is developing each day. Anybody can purchase a cell phone at a reasonable cost. Many drivers still speak on phones and text while driving. Accordingly talking on the phone is just as dangerous as texting. Ages 16-19 years old are three times more likely to be involved in an accident than any other age group. 11 teenagers die everyday as a result of texting and driving. Studies show that teenagers are particularly at risk for texting while driving and car crashes. Teens text five times more than adults on average (Teen led 2012).When an accident occurs as a result in texting and driving and someone is killed or injured criminal charges can be pressed against the driver. Also another consequence is that the driver can be ticketed or fined especially if texting and driving is banned in the state. In the state of Pennsylvania texting and driving is banned. The penalty for this offense in a $50 fine with additional court costs and other fees. One day I hope texting and driving death rates can decrease. Many lives are lost over this distraction. It is heartbreaking that families lose their loved ones to texting and driving everyday. I read an article on ESPN called Mother Who Lost Son to Distracted Driving Urges Friends to Put Down Phones. A teenager named Gage Edwards passed away from a car accident. Gages mother bought him an Iphone for a christmas present. She thought it would be a good idea because Gage had a busy schedule with football, baseball and work. On January 31st Gage had a makeup game, after his game he went to work. When he got off of work he was scheduled to pick up his girlfriend. He was texting while driving. He drove off the road and ran into trees. Gage passed away 2 days later. This story about Gage breaks my heart. Its so sad that a young life was lost due to texting and driving. Phone companies have started to take action. Many phone companies have been dragged into lawsuits from customers blaming them for the accidents because its their product involved in the accident. There have been numerous reasons to stop texting while driving across the nation. One of them is ATTs It Can Pause battle, requesting that drivers promise not to drive occupied. An ATT contemplate uncovered that most phone clients cooperate with a normal of five individuals every day on their cell phone. 81% of individuals examined said they have stopped doing it as much or quit using their cell phone while driving (Teensafe 2018). Apple released an IOS update which has a new feature Do Not Disturb While Driving. This feature is an optional feature you can turn on in your phone. It is able to tell when your driving. When this feature is on while driving your messages and phone calls you receive will be put on disturb. Any notifications you receive you will not be alerted. Also this feature has a parent feature mood which parents are able to control their driving teenagers phones. Texting and driving is a big problem in society today causing American death rates to rise. Many teens and adults have developed a habit of using their phones while driving. It is one of the most dangerous things to do while on the road. We are all guilty of texting while driving at one point. It is not worth it. Your life is at risk and so are the peoples lives who are around you. This simple distraction is causing innocent lives to be taken everyday.

Electronic Health Records ( Ehr ) - 1784 Words

Electronic Health Records The concept of electronic health records (EHR) was introduced in 2004 (Sheridan, 2012), and in the 13 years that have since followed hospitals across the United States have adopted computer charting systems. As of 2015, 96% of hospitals in this country are using electronic health records systems (Conn, 2016). It is important for facilities to maintain safe and secure computerized charting to better care for patients and to protect and exchange medical information. Description of the Electronic Health Record An electronic health record is a digital copy of a patient’s medical chart, which replaces the paper charts formerly used by facilities. The EHR contains diagnoses, history, prescriptions, laboratory data,†¦show more content†¦Facilities and providers were given financial incentives to select and begin using electronic health record systems that correlated with meaningful use, as further described below. My Facility’s Plan Last March, my facility underwent the Epic system. This was a major project several years in the making. My hospital is part of a large health system consisting of 13 hospitals, numerous physicians’ offices, home health care, and skilled nursing facilities (SNF). The two smallest hospitals were chosen to go first; these included my hospital and another small one about an hour and a half away. My hospital is currently in the midst of the six step EHR transition. Assess your practice readiness. This was done at the administrative level, which took a hard look at our current practices. Strengths and weaknesses of the current system were noted. Goals were identified, as well as financial and technological concerns. Since my hospital was mostly on paper, a weakness that administrators surely recognized was the need for extensive computer training, especially for employees who were not used to using computers in other aspects of their lives. They may have a lso recognized the need to purchase new computers and upgrade existing computers, as well as the costs of such an endeavor. A significant goal would have of course been to link all facilities within our system through the same EHR,Show MoreRelatedAn Electronic Health Record ( Ehr )1160 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as an Electronic Health Record (EHR). The EHR also includes treatment, physical examination, and investigations. It is sustained and maintained over time by the medical provider and often includes all the key administrative information. Electronic Medical Records include the regular medical and clinical information collected by physicians, hospital and other care workers. There are four main benefits of EMRs. One, an EMR tracks data over a length of time. Secondly, EMRs help health care providersRead MoreThe Electronic Health Records ( Ehrs ) Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide medical records that will help patients track their conditions. The Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have revolutionized the process of clinical documentation through direct care to the patient. This electronic health record is a new technology that helps maintain patient’s privacy and to direct care of the patient. Both Computer systems and EHRs can facilitate and improve the clinical documentation methods, which is beneficial for all patients, the care teams, and health care organizationsRead MoreAn Electronic Health Record ( Ehr )1193 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"An Electronic Health Record (EHR) is an electronic version of a p atient’s medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that persons care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports† (CMS, 2011). Paper charting can no longer support the needs of our healthcare industry, andRead MoreThe Electronic Health Records ( Ehr )1650 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The times of entering and storing health care records in file cabinets is quickly changing due to the electronic age. Electronic Health Records (EHR) are becoming increasingly popular especially since there have been many legislative attempts to encourage the use of health information technology systems. With the potential benefits that come with EHR’s, potential risks are also associated with this technology. The main concern is that of maintaining data security and if current law establishesRead MoreThe Electronic Health Record ( Ehr ) Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe electronic health record (EHR) is a developing idea characterized as a longitudinal accumulation of electronic health data about individual patients and family member (Gunter Terry, 2005). Fundamentally, it was a component for incorporating health care information as of now gathered in both paper and electronic therapeutic records (EMR) with the end goal of improving the quality of care. Despite the fact that the classic EHR is a different area, cross-institutional, even national build, theRead MoreAn Electronic Health Record ( Ehr )1315 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The government has been trying to protect patients’ healthcare information since they first introduced The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA). Since that time, technology has paved the way for The Electronic Health Record (EHR). Those that promote the usage of the EHR as the standard of care, strongly believe that the risks of privacy are outweighed by the benefits that it brings. These benefits include, but are not limited to: improved patient careRead MoreElectronic Health Records ( Ehr )762 Words   |  4 Pagesestablished a nationwide health information technology (HIT) infrastructure which requires all health care facility personnel to use an electronic health record (EHR). According to Sewell Thede, in 2004, President Bush called for adoption of interoperable electronic health records for most Americans by 2014. Electronic health records (EHR) is an automated system created by healthcare providers or organizations, such as a hospita l in documenting patient care. In addition, EHR is an interoperable healthcareRead MoreElectronic Health Records ( Ehr )1863 Words   |  8 Pagescommunicate and record the healthcare that is to be delivered by clinicians. Paper charting is in the past and almost obsolete due to the advanced technical equipment and computer technology that is available today. In this paper the background of using electronic health records (EHR) will be discussed as well as the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and how the privacy and security of EHR for patientsRead MoreThe Electronic Health Record ( Ehr )780 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Electronic Health Record (EHR), the six steps of an EHR and how my facility implements them, describe â€Å"meaningful use† and how my facility status is in obtaining it, and to further discuss the EHR’s and patient confidentiality. Description of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) EHR was created to have a technical way to securely exchange private and personal medical health information in hopes to improve the quality of care, decrease medical errors, limiting paper use, reduction of health careRead MoreAn Electronic Health Record ( Ehr )1801 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction An Electronic Health Record (EHR) is an electronic version of a patient medical history that is maintained by the provider over time (CMS.gov, 2012). They are patient-centered records making the information available instantly and secured. It can include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to the patients care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunization, laboratory data

The Roman Spectacle Of Ancient Society - 891 Words

The Roman Spectacle Today one can be a spectator in every sport via sports networks, and billion dollar stadiums, and arenas. While modern day sports vary drastically and so do their playing fields, in the Roman Empire one sport reigned supreme the sport of Chariot racing. Few forms of entertainment enjoyed as great of a level of devotion and longevity than that of Chariot racing. The sport of chariot racing was an integral part of Roman society and wherever the Romans went, chariot racing when with them, as evidenced by the tracks in North Africa, England, and elsewhere in the Empire. This seems like an unlikely connection to the casual observer, but for one who looks deeper into the Roman society and government they will see that sports were at the heart of the Roman Empire. This sport was unique in Roman society, because it brought together people from different backgrounds, cultures and ranking in Roman society. This widespread popularity gave this and other sports played a unique roll in Roman society. The popular nature of the races lent a particular kind of political power to the fans and was great enough to affect cultural and political life in Roman society. The races did not only afford the common Roman power, but it was a tool used by Rome’s leaders to appease the populace. The Roman people wanted their theater and Rome’s leaders were more than obliged to give it to them what they wanted. Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome in the sixthShow MoreRelatedAncient Roman Art Of Entertainment1561 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Roman Entertainment The art of entertainment held many significant influences within the Ancient Roman society. Though it is known that certain means to achieve such spectacles were vicious and cruel, it ultimately satisfied the Roman peoples need for pleasure and excitement. Public displays varied from chariot races, musical and theatrical performances, to the more gruesome acts of wild beast hunts, gladiatorial games, and public executions. Most of the Romans daily leisure activitiesRead MoreThe Gladiatorial World : Gladiatorial Warfare1601 Words   |  7 Pagesingrained part of Roman society by the first-century AD. They have consistently been portrayed as gruesome battles between two men, usually slaves or criminals, in which one almost always inevitably dies. While this circumstance did occur in ancient times, there is also strong evidence showing that this was not always the case. It is true that slaves and criminals, as well as prisoners of war, were the main source of gladiators due to the ir expendability and large numbers following Roman conquests, howeverRead MoreThe True Nature Of The Gladiators966 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Gladiators have long been regarded as entertainers performing spectacles of great violence for an avid audience. Many scholars debate whether the gladiators could be considered athletes due to the stark differences between the Greek athletes of the Olympics and the Roman gladiators of the arena. There are many myths surrounding the gladiators. Most people think that the gladiators were savage and would fight each other to the death every time they entered the arena. Many people are alsoRead MoreGladitorial Combat in Ancient Rome Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesGladitorial Combat in Ancient Rome The culture of Ancient Rome had a distinct way to entertain its citizens. Besides spending times at the baths, Romans found pleasure and delight in the games held at the local coliseum. These games were among the bloodiest displays of public amusement in the history of man. Professional wrestling and boxing today, do not come close to the disgusting horrors that the people of Rome took so much pleasure in observing. Although the games were very bloody andRead MoreThe Influence Of The Ancient Roman Gladiatorial Games1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman gladiator captivated the masses and contributed to the very definition of ancient Rome. The consumption and coverage of football in America today is the modern equivalent to how gladiatorial games fit into the entertainment and overall culture of the ancient Roman world, with the gladiatorial games holding even deeper importance regarding spirituality. In a society built through the balancing of bloodshed and civility, the ancient R oman gladiator made his impact through spectacle by pureRead MoreRoles of Gladiators in Roman Society1741 Words   |  7 Pagesattention. Gladiators were famously popular in ancient from for seven centuries, from the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD fairly late in the Public occupied a prominent position in roman society, they would fight in massive amphitheatres, the most famous being the Colosseum in Rome. The games slowly transformed into spectator, a form of public execution and was seen by the public as entertainment in simpler, rougher times. It escalated as the Romans valued the art of killing and acted as a distractionRead MoreRoman Culture During The Roman Era1425 Words   |  6 Pagesthink of Roman civilisation, most people would instantly respond with the Colosseum in Rome, or the Gladiatorial games. The Colosseum in Rome was a symbol of the power and wealth that Rome possessed at the height of her glory, and even today, the amphitheatre dominates the surrounding area, and draws the eye like nothing else. Roman amphitheatres became synonymous with the spread of roman culture throughout the empire, and as such are an excellent case for understanding the spread of roman engineeringRead MoreSocial Structure in the Colosseum1229 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Ancient Roman Social Structure in the Colosseum Ancient Rome is one of the greatest and most influential societies in the history of the world. From the basic rules of how the Roman Empire is set up to the infrastructures in the city, the strict hierarchy of Roman social structure can be reflected clearly all over the whole ancient Rome. In fact that â€Å"public architecture presents people with the official view of a society and provides the background against which its individual markersRead MoreSummary Of The Crucible 978 Words   |  4 Pagesthe leader of the Rebellion (Spartacus the slave) as strong, invincible, and barbaric. Spartacus and his rallied men escaped confinement from the Roman Republic and fought back because they wanted to be free from the horrible situation they were put in. Also, the gladiators were tough and proved how strong of a group they were by defeating many trained Roman soldiers. It is unjust for any human being to be forced to accept that way of life and not be able to have much of a say in the matter. The threeRead MoreAn Architecture Monument : The Roman Colosseum Essay1875 Words   |  8 PagesArchitecture Monument:The Roman Colosseum Therewas so many famous monuments of the ancient worldthat we studied in class but none other will leave me an impression quite like the Colosseum in Rome.The Roman Coliseum was a masterpiece and a manifestation of the advance of ancient Roman architecture. In addition, the Roman Colosseum was a cultural center that attracted people from different parts of Rome and the Mediterranean. In fact, The Coliseum was a cultural center of the ancient world that made it important

Bullying in the organization sby Free Essays

string(181) " workers within every department and every manager, so that even if a manager who is guilty of workplace bullying goes unreported, such an analysis ca bring him into the limelight\." When we speak of work-place bullying, we are actually referring to the verbal, physical, social or psychological assault that one’s employer or manager, another individual or group of people carry out on a person. In other words it is the tendency of individuals to use increasingly aggressive attitude towards a co-worker or be very unreasonable towards him. This has become an increasingly important problem that Human resource department at most organisations have to counter. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying in the organization sby or any similar topic only for you Order Now What makes workplace bullying far more difficult to counter than school-yard bullying is that it usually operates within the rules and regulations prescribed by the organisation and the society. Also, according to Ichniowski and Olson (2000), workplace bullies generally use words and actions to intimidate their victims, unlike playground bullies, who often resort to using their fists. Workplace bullying may involve verbal, non-verbal abuse tactics, humiliation, physical and psychological aggression. Workplace bullying isn’t specific to a certain type of work-environment, as it can happen in any type of work condition, ranging from offices to workshops, from highly bureaucratic work environments, like the military, to highly casual ones. Workplace bullying may take different forms such as being rude or confrontational, damaging property that belongs to the organisation, social isolation, screaming and cursing others, physically assaulting them, etc. According to Ichniowski and Olson (2000), psychological and social bullying usually involves verbal abuse, aimed at making fun of one’s work or the individual himself. This may include making fun of one’s ethnicity, family, sexuality, race, education, etc. Isolation is another means of inflicting psychological aggression upon an individual. Workplace bullies will also try various methods of harassment and intimidation to upset your mind and make sure you aren’t able to focus on what you are supposed to, i. e. work. According to Lewis (2003), incase the bully is your boss or employer or supervisor, he or she might try to assign you pointless tasks that have nothing to do with your area of speciality or your job description. The other extreme end would be assigning you jobs that may be extremely boring, difficult or impossible to perform due to lack of time, or deliberately holding back information you need for getting your work done properly. Similarly, one might be a victim of physical bullying, where one may be attacked or threatened. According to Thomas (2005), acts of physical bullying include spitting, pushing, punching, shoving, kicking, tripping, scratching, grabbing, biting, attacking or threatening with equipment such as knives, club, gun, etc or any other type of direct physical contact. Physical bullying also includes sexual harassment, such as flashing or touching, or when you are made to do humiliating things in order to be accepted as part of a team, as stated byIchniowski and Olson (2000). Incase of physical bullying, especially, one should immediately report the matter to the police and the employer or someone in the human resource department. One can also revert to the following steps in order to deal with a workplace bully, as explained by Ichniowski and Olson (2000): †¢ Seek advice from a trusted individual or may be a mentor, who might be available in the same organisation or even outside, who may have been through a similar situation †¢ One can also try to confront the bully in a professional manner, but keeping in mind one’s own safety and giving it top priority. One should stay as calm as possible, and no sink to his or her level, and yell or threaten, as more often than not this is what bullies are looking for in the first place. And neither should one show weakness and cry, cause that might again motivate the bully to come back for more †¢ One shouldn’t allow the bully to make one feel low self-esteemed, because only the individual would know his or her true worth or capacity †¢ One should focus on the task in hand and try to do it well, because the bully’s goal is most often to try and fail you in your job †¢ One shouldn’t let the bully isolate oneself from friends and colleagues To date, the phenomenon of workplace bullying is always associated with managers or colleagues who are the perpetrators, but that may not always be the case. There is something known as ‘upward bullying’ which may exist in organisations. In this case managers are actually the target. But since it is very rare, not much research or attention has been given to it. A recent research conducted on upward bullying by students of Griffith University, shows that work environment, change within organizations and power issues are the major contributing factors to upward bullying. According to Kelly (2000), organisations usually do not take workplace bullying by the neck, their policies are usually flawed which enables bullies to take advantage. In most cases the Human Resource Department is aware of who the aggressor is, but they usually wait for something illegal to happen, i. e. if its not illegal harassment there is no effort made to eradicate it. According to Kelly (2000), a research conducted by the University of Illinois indicates that workplace bullying occurs 4 times as frequently as compared to illegal forms of harassment or discrimination. WORKPLACE BULLYING AND THE HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT However, ideally speaking, an organisation would be better off taking strict action and notice against workplace bullies themselves rather than allowing individuals to do so. The first and foremost step for them would be to come up with an anti-harassment policy, or try to expand an existing anti-harassment policy if it hasn’t proven to be effective enough. Such a policy would also encourage witnesses to come forward and either second the target’s claim or dismiss them. Also, the human resource department should try to structure a dispute resolution process. This would encourage the targets to step forward sooner. According to Zapf and Einarsen (2001), the human resource department should also monitor the turnover rates and stress-related compensation claims taken by the workers within every department and every manager, so that even if a manager who is guilty of workplace bullying goes unreported, such an analysis ca bring him into the limelight. You read "Bullying in the organization sby" in category "Papers" Another approach to tackling workplace bullying would be to offer courses and training to the supervisors and teach them to criticise employees without offending them. Also, in the present scenario, where, companies, especially the bigger ones have a well-diversified work force, the Human Resource should take claims of workplace bullying very seriously, because if they fail to treat such claims seriously, it would result in further isolation and mistrust on part of the employee. The leadership along with the Human resource Department should realise the grave consequences workplace bullying may have on the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the organisation. According to Kelly (2000), in approximately 80% of the cases, the employees productivity is adversely affected. This unreasonable behaviour also affects the mental and physical health of the employees, resulting in a decrease in the job satisfaction and job involvement. According to Vartia (1996), it causes a decrease in the employees’ morale, resulting in higher turnover rates. This also causes long term loses to the organisation as they employees that are bullied may sooner or later quit their jobs, this increases the company’s overall advertising expenditure, as they have to advertise frequent job vacancies, and also train the new employee and explain him the job description and the kind of work he would have to perform. Now, the human resource department may respond to issues related to workplace bullying in 5 different ways. The first one is called the Mafioso, which is perhaps the worst stance HR can take with regards to such a situation. In this case even though the HR is aware of the problem and the aggressors, they are not inclined to take any action. In other words they actively participate in bullying employees and support such activities from every possible angle. The second approach is called the Ostrich, where the HR department come up with muffled and sandy responses to reports of workplace bullying, such as saying that, we do not have such problem at the workplace nor are we gong to have one, etc. The third stance is termed as fire-fighter, where the Human Resource Department is overloaded with work, and they do not have time to focus or concentrate on such matters. WORKPLACE BULLYING AND THE LEADERSHIP Apart from the Human resource department itself, leadership of that particular organisation has a very important role to play in managing and curtailing employee behaviour and preventing workplace bullying. If the leader can take a stand against any such activity, the chances of occurrence may drastically drop automatically. Leaders need to see all employees equally and avoid any biases when treating employees, as stated by Rayner and Cooper (2003). They should prohibit from doing acts that portray favourism towards a particular employee or a group of employees. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AMONGST INDIVIDUALS Also what might be of significant help when managing workplace bullying in organisations is if the individual has a higher degree of emotional intelligence. It helps employees manage their own mood along with the mood of the organization. It instils in them a greater degree of self-awareness and empathy allowing them to read and regulate their emotions while being able to intuitively grasp how others feel and gauge the emotional state of the organisation. According to Goleman (2000), there are five components to emotional intelligence. Self-awareness is the trait where emotional intelligence actually begins, such individuals are never hesitant to talk about and discuss their weaknesses and it is this attitude that later brings upon a positive change in them as they are able to improve upon their weaknesses with the passage of time. According to Sheehan (1999), this helps them bring about a positive change as one becomes aware of his or her limitations and one knows when and where he or she can actually stand-up and deliver regardless of the obstacles that may come his way. The second trait is self-regulation, and individuals with this trait can control their emotions and impulses better and channel them for good purposes. This brings about an openness to criticism in their attitude and behaviour, and increases their trustworthiness and integrity, and also helps them remain comfortable in ambiguous and unreasonable situations and scenario, as discussed by Sheehan (1999). So, an individual with higher degree of self-regulation is never intimidated or threatened from workplace bullies, and he never reacts to any of their actions, which is what the bullies ideally want. Motivation is perhaps the most important trait and the most obvious one that an individual is judged upon in an environment where workplace bullying is rampant. The individual needs to self-motivate himself to performing his job and the tasks assigned to him without thinking too much about what activities or attitude other employee or employees have towards him. It portrays the optimism of the individual, and his dedication to the organisation, such that he is able to find positives from every negative thing that happens in his life, so it has to do more with the mind than anything else. Understanding the emotional makeup of others is referred to as empathy. In order to tackle workplace bullying, it is important for the individual to understand why the aggressor is trying to bully him, and what is he trying to achieve from such an act. This can greatly help individual in managing himself and his emotions and react the right way and not lose focus, as explained by Sheehan (1999). The last trait that comes under emotional intelligence is the social skills of the individual. It is the proficiency in managing relationships and building networks that can greatly help an individual to overcome the effects of workplace bullying. It is always a good feeling to have some support on your own side. This may also help in finding common grounds between individuals who are aggrieved and the bullies and it also enables one to build rapport. It also improves his persuasiveness and the ability to build and lead teams. THE CHALLENGE OF CULTURAL CHANGES As described earlier, workplace bullying is a problem that is more common than what people anticipate or realise. It not only impacts the individual himself, but also the organisation and the society itself is affected. And apart from resulting in lost productivity, there are other risks that it bring along for the organisation, which include legal expenses and settlement payouts. Many believe that changing the organisation’s culture is the way forward. The challenge for the Human resource department is to picture the prevailing problem of workplace bullying. They also need to identify how much of it is contributed due to the loop holes in the office rules, which describe an employees’ conduct when at work. They also need to identify how much of an impact has training had in shaping their attitude and behaviour. Then comes the most important step, whereby, the human resource department needs to identify practical approaches to nurturing a culture that reduces bullying. Last but not the least, the Human Resource Department needs to identify a long-term approach to tackling such issues, i. e. they need to formulate a long-term strategy to eradicate workplace bullying. References Cooper (eds. ), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace. International Perspectives in research and practice (London, Taylor and Francis) Cooper, L (eds. ), Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace. International Perspectives in research and practice (London, Taylor and Francis) Goleman, Daniel. (1998) â€Å"What Makes a Leader? â€Å", Harvard Business Review. Ichniowski, Casey and Craig Olson. (2000). The American Workplace: Skills, Compensation, and Employee Involvement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kelly, David. (2000). Workplace Bullies Dump Bull on Co-Workers. Available: http://workplacebullying. org/press/hrwire. html. Last accessed 18 September 2008. Lewis, D. (2003), ‘Voices in the social construction of bullying at work’, International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 4, 1. pp. 65-81. Rayner, C. Cooper, C. L. (2003), ‘The black hole in bullying at work research’, International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 4, 1. Pp. 47-64. Robbins, Stephen P. 2004. Organizational Behavior. New York: Pearsons. Sheehan, M. (1999), ‘Workplace bullying: responding with some emotional intelligence’, International Journal of Manpower, 20, ? , pp 57-69 Thomas M. (2005), ‘Bullying among support staff in a higher education institution’, Health Education, 105, 4, pp. 273-288. Vartia, M. (1996), ‘The sources of bullying – psychological work environment and organisational climate’, European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology, 5, 2. pp 203-214. Zapf, D. Einarsen, S. (2001), ‘Bullying in the workplace: Recent trends in research and practice – an introduction’, European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology, 10 (4), pp. 369-373. How to cite Bullying in the organization sby, Papers